Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are so ubiquitous that it's easy to forget just how much society relies on these underappreciated technological wonders. Yet, the history of the LED goes back further than ...

It’s hard to believe that the first blue LED didn’t arrive until 1993. They look simple, but looks are deceiving (Fig. 1). 1. Image showing a blue InGaN-based LED with gold wire contacts (0.4 × 0.4 mm ...

Select an option below to continue reading this premium story. Already a Honolulu Star-Advertiser subscriber? Log in now to continue reading. >> A large band gap means higher-energy photons, which in ...